WallStSmart

International Business Machines (IBM)vsSea Ltd (SE)

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Smart Verdict

WallStSmart Research — data-driven comparison

International Business Machines generates 194% more annual revenue ($67.53B vs $22.94B). IBM leads profitability with a 15.7% profit margin vs 6.9%. SE appears more attractively valued with a PEG of 0.55. SE earns a higher WallStSmart Score of 70/100 (B-).

IBM

Strong Buy

70

out of 100

Grade: B-

Growth: 6.7Profit: 8.0Value: 10.0Quality: 4.0
Piotroski: 3/9Altman Z: 2.29

SE

Strong Buy

70

out of 100

Grade: B-

Growth: 10.0Profit: 6.0Value: 8.7Quality: 5.5
Piotroski: 6/9
IV

Intrinsic Value Comparison

Multi-model valuation · Graham Formula

IBMUndervalued (+53.7%)

Margin of Safety

+53.7%

Fair Value

$521.35

Current Price

$241.39

$279.96 discount

UndervaluedFair: $521.35Overvalued
SEUndervalued (+2.9%)

Margin of Safety

+2.9%

Fair Value

$117.94

Current Price

$82.47

$35.47 discount

UndervaluedFair: $117.94Overvalued

Key Strengths & Concerns

Side-by-side fundamental analysis

Key Strengths

IBM5 strengths · Avg: 9.2/10
Market CapQuality
$225.77B10/10

Mega-cap, among the largest globally

Return on EquityProfitability
35.2%10/10

Every $100 of equity generates 35 in profit

EPS GrowthGrowth
89.9%10/10

Earnings expanding 89.9% YoY

Operating MarginProfitability
24.8%8/10

Strong operational efficiency at 24.8%

Free Cash FlowQuality
$3.13B8/10

Generating 3.1B in free cash flow

SE4 strengths · Avg: 9.0/10
Revenue GrowthGrowth
38.4%10/10

Revenue surging 38.4% year-over-year

EPS GrowthGrowth
58.5%10/10

Earnings expanding 58.5% YoY

PEG RatioValuation
0.558/10

Growing faster than its price suggests

Free Cash FlowQuality
$1.04B8/10

Generating 1.0B in free cash flow

Areas to Watch

IBM3 concerns · Avg: 2.7/10
PEG RatioValuation
2.264/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

Piotroski F-ScoreQuality
3/93/10

Weak financial health signals

Debt/EquityHealth
2.061/10

Elevated debt levels

SE2 concerns · Avg: 3.5/10
P/E RatioValuation
31.1x4/10

Premium valuation, high expectations priced in

Profit MarginProfitability
6.9%3/10

6.9% margin — thin

Comparative Analysis Report

WallStSmart Research

Bull Case : IBM

The strongest argument for IBM centers on Market Cap, Return on Equity, EPS Growth. Profitability is solid with margins at 15.7% and operating margin at 24.8%. Revenue growth of 12.2% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bull Case : SE

The strongest argument for SE centers on Revenue Growth, EPS Growth, PEG Ratio. Revenue growth of 38.4% demonstrates continued momentum. PEG of 0.55 suggests the stock is reasonably priced for its growth.

Bear Case : IBM

The primary concerns for IBM are PEG Ratio, Piotroski F-Score, Debt/Equity. Debt-to-equity of 2.06 is elevated, increasing financial risk.

Bear Case : SE

The primary concerns for SE are P/E Ratio, Profit Margin.

Key Dynamics to Monitor

IBM profiles as a mature stock while SE is a hypergrowth play — different risk/reward profiles.

SE carries more volatility with a beta of 1.63 — expect wider price swings.

SE is growing revenue faster at 38.4% — sustainability is the question.

IBM generates stronger free cash flow (3.1B), providing more financial flexibility.

Bottom Line

IBM scores higher overall (70/100 vs 70/100), backed by strong 15.7% margins and 12.2% revenue growth. Both earn "Strong Buy" and "Strong Buy" ratings respectively — the choice depends on your investment horizon and risk tolerance.

This analysis is generated from publicly available financial data. Not financial advice.

International Business Machines

TECHNOLOGY · INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES · USA

International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 170 countries. The company began in 1911, founded in Endicott, New York, as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed International Business Machines in 1924. IBM is incorporated in New York. IBM produces and sells computer hardware, middleware and software, and provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. IBM is also a major research organization, holding the record for most annual U.S. patents generated by a business (as of 2020) for 28 consecutive years. Inventions by IBM include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the SQL programming language, the UPC barcode, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). The IBM mainframe, exemplified by the System/360, was the dominant computing platform during the 1960s and 1970s.

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Sea Ltd

CONSUMER CYCLICAL · INTERNET RETAIL · USA

Sea Limited is engaged in the digital entertainment, e-commerce and digital financial services businesses in Southeast Asia, Latin America, the rest of Asia and internationally. The company is headquartered in Singapore.

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