WallStSmart

International Business Machines (IBM)vsUniversal Corporation (UVV)

VS

Smart Verdict

WallStSmart Research — data-driven comparison

International Business Machines generates 2267% more annual revenue ($68.91B vs $2.91B). IBM leads profitability with a 15.6% profit margin vs 2.9%. IBM appears more attractively valued with a PEG of 2.11. IBM earns a higher WallStSmart Score of 60/100 (C).

IBM

Buy

60

out of 100

Grade: C

Growth: 5.3Profit: 7.5Value: 4.0Quality: 4.0
Piotroski: 3/9Altman Z: 2.29

UVV

Hold

45

out of 100

Grade: D+

Growth: 4.0Profit: 5.0Value: 6.7Quality: 5.0
IV

Intrinsic Value Comparison

Multi-model valuation · Graham Formula

IBMSignificantly Overvalued (-28.7%)

Margin of Safety

-28.7%

Fair Value

$178.54

Current Price

$229.76

$51.22 premium

UndervaluedFair: $178.54Overvalued
UVVUndervalued (+33.4%)

Margin of Safety

+33.4%

Fair Value

$79.32

Current Price

$53.70

$25.62 discount

UndervaluedFair: $79.32Overvalued

Key Strengths & Concerns

Side-by-side fundamental analysis

Key Strengths

IBM3 strengths · Avg: 9.3/10
Market CapQuality
$217.40B10/10

Mega-cap, among the largest globally

Return on EquityProfitability
35.8%10/10

Every $100 of equity generates 36 in profit

Free Cash FlowQuality
$4.78B8/10

Generating 4.8B in free cash flow

UVV2 strengths · Avg: 9.0/10
Price/BookValuation
0.9x10/10

Reasonable price relative to book value

P/E RatioValuation
15.9x8/10

Attractively priced relative to earnings

Areas to Watch

IBM3 concerns · Avg: 2.7/10
PEG RatioValuation
2.114/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

Piotroski F-ScoreQuality
3/93/10

Weak financial health signals

Debt/EquityHealth
2.061/10

Elevated debt levels

UVV4 concerns · Avg: 2.8/10
Market CapQuality
$1.34B3/10

Smaller company, higher risk/reward

Return on EquityProfitability
7.0%3/10

ROE of 7.0% — below average capital efficiency

Profit MarginProfitability
2.9%3/10

2.9% margin — thin

PEG RatioValuation
3.062/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

Comparative Analysis Report

WallStSmart Research

Bull Case : IBM

The strongest argument for IBM centers on Market Cap, Return on Equity, Free Cash Flow. Profitability is solid with margins at 15.6% and operating margin at 13.8%.

Bull Case : UVV

The strongest argument for UVV centers on Price/Book, P/E Ratio.

Bear Case : IBM

The primary concerns for IBM are PEG Ratio, Piotroski F-Score, Debt/Equity. Debt-to-equity of 2.06 is elevated, increasing financial risk.

Bear Case : UVV

The primary concerns for UVV are Market Cap, Return on Equity, Profit Margin. Thin 2.9% margins leave little buffer for downturns.

Key Dynamics to Monitor

IBM profiles as a mature stock while UVV is a value play — different risk/reward profiles.

UVV carries more volatility with a beta of 0.59 — expect wider price swings.

IBM is growing revenue faster at 9.5% — sustainability is the question.

IBM generates stronger free cash flow (4.8B), providing more financial flexibility.

Bottom Line

IBM scores higher overall (60/100 vs 45/100), backed by strong 15.6% margins. UVV offers better value entry with a 33.4% margin of safety. Both earn "Buy" and "Hold" ratings respectively — the choice depends on your investment horizon and risk tolerance.

This analysis is generated from publicly available financial data. Not financial advice.

International Business Machines

TECHNOLOGY · INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES · USA

International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 170 countries. The company began in 1911, founded in Endicott, New York, as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed International Business Machines in 1924. IBM is incorporated in New York. IBM produces and sells computer hardware, middleware and software, and provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. IBM is also a major research organization, holding the record for most annual U.S. patents generated by a business (as of 2020) for 28 consecutive years. Inventions by IBM include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the SQL programming language, the UPC barcode, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). The IBM mainframe, exemplified by the System/360, was the dominant computing platform during the 1960s and 1970s.

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Universal Corporation

CONSUMER DEFENSIVE · TOBACCO · USA

Universal Corporation processes and supplies leaf tobacco and plant ingredients worldwide. The company is headquartered in Richmond, Virginia.

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