WallStSmart

Levi Strauss & Co Class A (LEVI)vsSea Ltd (SE)

VS

Smart Verdict

WallStSmart Research — data-driven comparison

Sea Ltd generates 319% more annual revenue ($27.72B vs $6.61B). LEVI leads profitability with a 9.7% profit margin vs 5.9%. LEVI trades at a lower P/E of 14.9x. LEVI earns a higher WallStSmart Score of 58/100 (C).

LEVI

Buy

58

out of 100

Grade: C

Growth: 6.7Profit: 7.0Value: 7.7Quality: 6.0
Piotroski: 5/9Altman Z: 2.13

SE

Buy

56

out of 100

Grade: C

Growth: 8.7Profit: 5.5Value: 6.7Quality: 6.5
Piotroski: 6/9Altman Z: 1.53
IV

Intrinsic Value Comparison

Multi-model valuation · Graham Formula

LEVIUndervalued (+30.1%)

Margin of Safety

+30.1%

Fair Value

$31.54

Current Price

$20.16

$11.38 discount

UndervaluedFair: $31.54Overvalued
SEUndervalued (+56.1%)

Margin of Safety

+56.1%

Fair Value

$260.75

Current Price

$106.24

$154.51 discount

UndervaluedFair: $260.75Overvalued

Key Strengths & Concerns

Side-by-side fundamental analysis

Key Strengths

LEVI3 strengths · Avg: 8.3/10
Return on EquityProfitability
28.1%9/10

Every $100 of equity generates 28 in profit

P/E RatioValuation
14.9x8/10

Attractively priced relative to earnings

EPS GrowthGrowth
31.1%8/10

Earnings expanding 31.1% YoY

SE3 strengths · Avg: 9.0/10
Revenue GrowthGrowth
48.1%10/10

Revenue surging 48.1% year-over-year

Market CapQuality
$65.07B9/10

Large-cap with strong market position

Free Cash FlowQuality
$1.15B8/10

Generating 1.1B in free cash flow

Areas to Watch

LEVI1 concerns · Avg: 3.0/10
Debt/EquityHealth
1.013/10

Elevated debt levels

SE3 concerns · Avg: 3.0/10
Altman Z-ScoreHealth
1.534/10

Distress zone — elevated risk

Profit MarginProfitability
5.9%3/10

5.9% margin — thin

P/E RatioValuation
41.5x2/10

Premium valuation, high expectations priced in

Comparative Analysis Report

WallStSmart Research

Bull Case : LEVI

The strongest argument for LEVI centers on Return on Equity, P/E Ratio, EPS Growth.

Bull Case : SE

The strongest argument for SE centers on Revenue Growth, Market Cap, Free Cash Flow. Revenue growth of 48.1% demonstrates continued momentum. PEG of 1.04 suggests the stock is reasonably priced for its growth.

Bear Case : LEVI

The primary concerns for LEVI are Debt/Equity.

Bear Case : SE

The primary concerns for SE are Altman Z-Score, Profit Margin, P/E Ratio. A P/E of 41.5x leaves little room for execution misses.

Key Dynamics to Monitor

LEVI profiles as a value stock while SE is a hypergrowth play — different risk/reward profiles.

SE carries more volatility with a beta of 1.52 — expect wider price swings.

SE is growing revenue faster at 48.1% — sustainability is the question.

SE generates stronger free cash flow (1.1B), providing more financial flexibility.

Bottom Line

LEVI scores higher overall (58/100 vs 56/100). SE offers better value entry with a 56.1% margin of safety. Both earn "Buy" and "Buy" ratings respectively — the choice depends on your investment horizon and risk tolerance.

This analysis is generated from publicly available financial data. Not financial advice.

Levi Strauss & Co Class A

CONSUMER CYCLICAL · APPAREL MANUFACTURING · USA

Levi Strauss & Co. is a clothing company. The company is headquartered in San Francisco, California.

Sea Ltd

CONSUMER CYCLICAL · INTERNET RETAIL · USA

Sea Limited is engaged in the digital entertainment, e-commerce and digital financial services businesses in Southeast Asia, Latin America, the rest of Asia and internationally. The company is headquartered in Singapore.

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