WallStSmart

Mastercard Inc (MA)vsSea Ltd (SE)

VS

Smart Verdict

WallStSmart Research — data-driven comparison

Mastercard Inc generates 43% more annual revenue ($32.79B vs $22.94B). MA leads profitability with a 45.7% profit margin vs 6.9%. SE appears more attractively valued with a PEG of 0.55. SE earns a higher WallStSmart Score of 70/100 (B-).

MA

Strong Buy

70

out of 100

Grade: B

Growth: 8.0Profit: 8.5Value: 10.0Quality: 6.0
Piotroski: 6/9Altman Z: 4.08

SE

Strong Buy

70

out of 100

Grade: B-

Growth: 10.0Profit: 6.0Value: 8.7Quality: 5.5
Piotroski: 6/9
IV

Intrinsic Value Comparison

Multi-model valuation · Graham Formula

MAUndervalued (+33.1%)

Margin of Safety

+33.1%

Fair Value

$751.54

Current Price

$502.76

$248.78 discount

UndervaluedFair: $751.54Overvalued
SEUndervalued (+2.9%)

Margin of Safety

+2.9%

Fair Value

$117.94

Current Price

$82.47

$35.47 discount

UndervaluedFair: $117.94Overvalued

Key Strengths & Concerns

Side-by-side fundamental analysis

Key Strengths

MA6 strengths · Avg: 9.3/10
Market CapQuality
$445.26B10/10

Mega-cap, among the largest globally

Profit MarginProfitability
45.7%10/10

Keeps 46 of every $100 in revenue as profit

Operating MarginProfitability
57.7%10/10

Strong operational efficiency at 57.7%

Altman Z-ScoreHealth
4.0810/10

Safe zone — low bankruptcy risk

Revenue GrowthGrowth
17.6%8/10

17.6% revenue growth

EPS GrowthGrowth
24.2%8/10

Earnings expanding 24.2% YoY

SE4 strengths · Avg: 9.0/10
Revenue GrowthGrowth
38.4%10/10

Revenue surging 38.4% year-over-year

EPS GrowthGrowth
58.5%10/10

Earnings expanding 58.5% YoY

PEG RatioValuation
0.558/10

Growing faster than its price suggests

Free Cash FlowQuality
$1.04B8/10

Generating 1.0B in free cash flow

Areas to Watch

MA4 concerns · Avg: 3.3/10
PEG RatioValuation
1.604/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

P/E RatioValuation
30.2x4/10

Premium valuation, high expectations priced in

Return on EquityProfitability
2.1%3/10

ROE of 2.1% — below average capital efficiency

Price/BookValuation
58.1x2/10

Trading at 58.1x book value

SE2 concerns · Avg: 3.5/10
P/E RatioValuation
31.1x4/10

Premium valuation, high expectations priced in

Profit MarginProfitability
6.9%3/10

6.9% margin — thin

Comparative Analysis Report

WallStSmart Research

Bull Case : MA

The strongest argument for MA centers on Market Cap, Profit Margin, Operating Margin. Profitability is solid with margins at 45.7% and operating margin at 57.7%. Revenue growth of 17.6% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bull Case : SE

The strongest argument for SE centers on Revenue Growth, EPS Growth, PEG Ratio. Revenue growth of 38.4% demonstrates continued momentum. PEG of 0.55 suggests the stock is reasonably priced for its growth.

Bear Case : MA

The primary concerns for MA are PEG Ratio, P/E Ratio, Return on Equity. Debt-to-equity of 2.45 is elevated, increasing financial risk.

Bear Case : SE

The primary concerns for SE are P/E Ratio, Profit Margin.

Key Dynamics to Monitor

MA profiles as a growth stock while SE is a hypergrowth play — different risk/reward profiles.

SE carries more volatility with a beta of 1.63 — expect wider price swings.

SE is growing revenue faster at 38.4% — sustainability is the question.

MA generates stronger free cash flow (4.8B), providing more financial flexibility.

Bottom Line

MA scores higher overall (70/100 vs 70/100), backed by strong 45.7% margins and 17.6% revenue growth. Both earn "Strong Buy" and "Strong Buy" ratings respectively — the choice depends on your investment horizon and risk tolerance.

This analysis is generated from publicly available financial data. Not financial advice.

Mastercard Inc

FINANCIAL SERVICES · CREDIT SERVICES · USA

Mastercard Incorporated is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in the Mastercard International Global Headquarters in Purchase, New York. The Global Operations Headquarters is located in O'Fallon, Missouri, a municipality of St. Charles County, Missouri. Throughout the world, its principal business is to process payments between the banks of merchants and the card-issuing banks or credit unions of the purchasers who use the Mastercard brand debit, credit and prepaid cards to make purchases. Mastercard Worldwide has been a publicly traded company since 2006.

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Sea Ltd

CONSUMER CYCLICAL · INTERNET RETAIL · USA

Sea Limited is engaged in the digital entertainment, e-commerce and digital financial services businesses in Southeast Asia, Latin America, the rest of Asia and internationally. The company is headquartered in Singapore.

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