WallStSmart

Caterpillar Inc (CAT)vsCopa Holdings SA (CPA)

VS

Smart Verdict

WallStSmart Research — data-driven comparison

Caterpillar Inc generates 1768% more annual revenue ($67.59B vs $3.62B). CPA leads profitability with a 18.6% profit margin vs 13.1%. CPA appears more attractively valued with a PEG of 0.95. CPA earns a higher WallStSmart Score of 77/100 (B+).

CAT

Buy

57

out of 100

Grade: C

Growth: 4.7Profit: 7.5Value: 3.3Quality: 4.5
Piotroski: 3/9Altman Z: 2.40

CPA

Strong Buy

77

out of 100

Grade: B+

Growth: 6.0Profit: 8.5Value: 9.3Quality: 5.5
Piotroski: 3/9Altman Z: 2.09
IV

Intrinsic Value Comparison

Multi-model valuation · Graham Formula

CATSignificantly Overvalued (-444.6%)

Margin of Safety

-444.6%

Fair Value

$127.70

Current Price

$695.40

$567.70 premium

UndervaluedFair: $127.70Overvalued
CPAUndervalued (+39.5%)

Margin of Safety

+39.5%

Fair Value

$248.76

Current Price

$110.91

$137.85 discount

UndervaluedFair: $248.76Overvalued

Key Strengths & Concerns

Side-by-side fundamental analysis

Key Strengths

CAT4 strengths · Avg: 9.0/10
Market CapQuality
$325.43B10/10

Mega-cap, among the largest globally

Return on EquityProfitability
43.5%10/10

Every $100 of equity generates 44 in profit

Revenue GrowthGrowth
18.0%8/10

18.0% revenue growth

Free Cash FlowQuality
$2.25B8/10

Generating 2.2B in free cash flow

CPA5 strengths · Avg: 8.6/10
P/E RatioValuation
6.8x10/10

Attractively priced relative to earnings

Return on EquityProfitability
26.1%9/10

Every $100 of equity generates 26 in profit

PEG RatioValuation
0.958/10

Growing faster than its price suggests

Price/BookValuation
1.6x8/10

Reasonable price relative to book value

Operating MarginProfitability
22.5%8/10

Strong operational efficiency at 22.5%

Areas to Watch

CAT4 concerns · Avg: 3.8/10
PEG RatioValuation
1.864/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

P/E RatioValuation
37.0x4/10

Premium valuation, high expectations priced in

Price/BookValuation
15.2x4/10

Trading at 15.2x book value

Piotroski F-ScoreQuality
3/93/10

Weak financial health signals

CPA1 concerns · Avg: 3.0/10
Piotroski F-ScoreQuality
3/93/10

Weak financial health signals

Comparative Analysis Report

WallStSmart Research

Bull Case : CAT

The strongest argument for CAT centers on Market Cap, Return on Equity, Revenue Growth. Revenue growth of 18.0% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bull Case : CPA

The strongest argument for CPA centers on P/E Ratio, Return on Equity, PEG Ratio. Profitability is solid with margins at 18.6% and operating margin at 22.5%. PEG of 0.95 suggests the stock is reasonably priced for its growth.

Bear Case : CAT

The primary concerns for CAT are PEG Ratio, P/E Ratio, Price/Book. Debt-to-equity of 2.03 is elevated, increasing financial risk.

Bear Case : CPA

The primary concerns for CPA are Piotroski F-Score.

Key Dynamics to Monitor

CAT profiles as a growth stock while CPA is a mature play — different risk/reward profiles.

CAT carries more volatility with a beta of 1.53 — expect wider price swings.

CAT is growing revenue faster at 18.0% — sustainability is the question.

CAT generates stronger free cash flow (2.2B), providing more financial flexibility.

Bottom Line

CPA scores higher overall (77/100 vs 57/100), backed by strong 18.6% margins. Both earn "Strong Buy" and "Buy" ratings respectively — the choice depends on your investment horizon and risk tolerance.

This analysis is generated from publicly available financial data. Not financial advice.

Caterpillar Inc

INDUSTRIALS · FARM & HEAVY CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY · USA

Caterpillar Inc. (often shortened to CAT) is an American Fortune 100 corporation that designs, develops, engineers, manufactures, markets, and sells machinery, engines, financial products, and insurance to customers via a worldwide dealer network.

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Copa Holdings SA

INDUSTRIALS · AIRLINES · USA

Copa Holdings, SA, provides airline passenger and cargo services. The company is headquartered in Panama City, Panama.

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