WallStSmart

Visa Inc. Class A (V)vsW. R. Berkley Corp (WRB)

VS

Smart Verdict

WallStSmart Research — data-driven comparison

Visa Inc. Class A generates 181% more annual revenue ($41.39B vs $14.71B). V leads profitability with a 50.2% profit margin vs 12.1%. V appears more attractively valued with a PEG of 1.65. V earns a higher WallStSmart Score of 68/100 (B-).

V

Strong Buy

68

out of 100

Grade: B-

Growth: 7.3Profit: 10.0Value: 9.3Quality: 6.5
Piotroski: 4/9Altman Z: 1.84

WRB

Buy

55

out of 100

Grade: C-

Growth: 4.0Profit: 7.0Value: 4.7Quality: 4.8
Piotroski: 2/9
IV

Intrinsic Value Comparison

Multi-model valuation · Graham Formula

VUndervalued (+17.4%)

Margin of Safety

+17.4%

Fair Value

$369.26

Current Price

$304.91

$64.35 discount

UndervaluedFair: $369.26Overvalued
WRBSignificantly Overvalued (-136.4%)

Margin of Safety

-136.4%

Fair Value

$30.26

Current Price

$64.49

$34.23 premium

UndervaluedFair: $30.26Overvalued

Key Strengths & Concerns

Side-by-side fundamental analysis

Key Strengths

V5 strengths · Avg: 9.6/10
Market CapQuality
$585.66B10/10

Mega-cap, among the largest globally

Return on EquityProfitability
53.9%10/10

Every $100 of equity generates 54 in profit

Profit MarginProfitability
50.2%10/10

Keeps 50 of every $100 in revenue as profit

Operating MarginProfitability
68.3%10/10

Strong operational efficiency at 68.3%

Free Cash FlowQuality
$6.40B8/10

Generating 6.4B in free cash flow

WRB2 strengths · Avg: 8.0/10
P/E RatioValuation
14.5x8/10

Attractively priced relative to earnings

Price/BookValuation
2.5x8/10

Reasonable price relative to book value

Areas to Watch

V4 concerns · Avg: 4.0/10
PEG RatioValuation
1.654/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

P/E RatioValuation
28.5x4/10

Moderate valuation

Price/BookValuation
15.2x4/10

Trading at 15.2x book value

Altman Z-ScoreHealth
1.844/10

Grey zone — moderate risk

WRB4 concerns · Avg: 2.8/10
Revenue GrowthGrowth
1.5%4/10

1.5% revenue growth

Piotroski F-ScoreQuality
2/93/10

Weak financial health signals

PEG RatioValuation
10.112/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

EPS GrowthGrowth
-21.8%2/10

Earnings declined 21.8%

Comparative Analysis Report

WallStSmart Research

Bull Case : V

The strongest argument for V centers on Market Cap, Return on Equity, Profit Margin. Profitability is solid with margins at 50.2% and operating margin at 68.3%. Revenue growth of 14.6% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bull Case : WRB

The strongest argument for WRB centers on P/E Ratio, Price/Book.

Bear Case : V

The primary concerns for V are PEG Ratio, P/E Ratio, Price/Book.

Bear Case : WRB

The primary concerns for WRB are Revenue Growth, Piotroski F-Score, PEG Ratio.

Key Dynamics to Monitor

V profiles as a mature stock while WRB is a value play — different risk/reward profiles.

V carries more volatility with a beta of 0.79 — expect wider price swings.

V is growing revenue faster at 14.6% — sustainability is the question.

V generates stronger free cash flow (6.4B), providing more financial flexibility.

Bottom Line

V scores higher overall (68/100 vs 55/100), backed by strong 50.2% margins and 14.6% revenue growth. Both earn "Strong Buy" and "Buy" ratings respectively — the choice depends on your investment horizon and risk tolerance.

This analysis is generated from publicly available financial data. Not financial advice.

Visa Inc. Class A

FINANCIAL SERVICES · CREDIT SERVICES · USA

Visa Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in Foster City, California, United States. It facilitates electronic funds transfers throughout the world, most commonly through Visa-branded credit cards, debit cards and prepaid cards. Visa is one of the world's most valuable companies.

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W. R. Berkley Corp

FINANCIAL SERVICES · INSURANCE - PROPERTY & CASUALTY · USA

W. R. Berkley Corporation is a commercial lines property & casualty insurance holding company organized in Delaware and based in Greenwich, Connecticut.

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